Terapi Inhalasi pada Asma Anak
Sari
Pemberian obat pada asma dapat berbagai macamn cara yaitu parenteral, per oral, atau
perinhalasi. Pemberian per inhalasi adalah pernberian obat secara langsung ke dalam
saluran nafas melalui penghisapan. Pernberian obat secara inhalasi mempunyai beberapa
keuntungan yaitu obat bekerja langsung pada saluran nafas, onset kerjanya cepat, dosis
obat yang digunakan kecil, serta efek samping yang minimal karena konsentrasi obat di
dalam darah sedikit atau rendah. Pemberian aerosol yang ideal adalah dengan alat yang
sederhana, mudah dibawa, tidak mahal, secara selektif mencapai saluran nafas bawah,
hanya sedikit yang tertinggal di saluran nafas atas serta dapat digunakan oleh anak,
orang cacat atau orang tua. Namun keadaan ideal tersebut tidak dapat sepenuhnya tercapai
dengan adanya beberapa keuntungan dan kerugian masing-masing jenis alat terapi
inhalasi. Terapi inhalasi dapat diberikan dengan inhaler dosis terukur (metered dose
inhaler=MDI), MDI dengan bantuan spacer, nebulizer, intermitten positive pressure
breathing, rotahaler, atau diskhaler. Jenis terapi inhalasi di atas mempunyai keuntungan
dan kerugian masing-masing. Keberhasilan terapi inhalasi ditentukan oleh indikasi, cara
pemilihan obat, jenis obat, dan cara pemberiannya. Pada asma anak, baik tatalaksana
serangan (Pereda, reliever) maupun tatalaksana jangka panjang (pengendali, controller)
sangat dianjurkan penggunaan secara inhalasi. Penggunaan terapi inhalasi merupakan
pilihan tepat pada asma karena banyak manfaat yang didapat seperti onset kerjanya
cepat, dosis obat kecil, efek samping minimal, dan langsung mencapai target. Namun
demikian, terapi inhalasi ini mempunyai beberapa kendala yaitu tehnik dan cara
pemberian yang kurang tepat sehingga masih banyak yang tidak menggunakannya.
Dengan mengetahui hal di atas diharapkan pengobatan asma mencapai kemajuan yang
cukup berarti.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp4.2.2002.67-73
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