Peran Alergi Makanan dan Alergen Hirup pada Dermatitis Atopik

Sjawitri P Siregar

Sari


Sensitisasi makanan dan aeroalergen memegang peran pada patogenesis penyakit atopik
seperti dermatitis atopik (DA), rinitis alergik dan asma. Dermatitis atopik merupakan
suatu penyakit kronik yang tidak dapat disembuhkan 100% dan sering mengalami
eksaserbasi, serta menimbulkan masalah pada orang tua dan dokter. Banyak faktor yang
berperan pada DA, baik faktor eksogen atau endogen maupun kombinasi keduanya.
Faktor genetik merupakan salah satu faktor yang berperan pada DA. Faktor eksogen
seperti makanan aeroalergen banyak dilaporkan sebagai pencetus timbulnya DA. Masih
terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai makanan sebagai penyebab tetapi terdapat bukti
bahwa bila makanan dihindarkan gejala dermatitis membaik. Susu sapi memprovokasi
gejala DA pada usia bayi1 dan 30% DA disebabkan alergi susu sapi2.
Alergen hirup seperti tungau debu rumah berperan pada patogenesis DA, terutama
pada anak; hal ini berdasarkan beberapa pengamatan klinis, uji kulit dan IgE spesifik
yang tinggi serta terdapat perbaikan gejala klinis DA setelah penghindaran tungau debu
rumah.3 Alergen makanan lebih berpengaruh pada usia bayi kurang dari 1 tahun
sedangkan aeroalergen pada usia di atas 2 tahun.4 H asil penelitian di Departemen IKA
RSCM menunjukkan bahwa DA pada anak dengan onset kurang dari 1 tahun yang
telah tersensitisasi telur dan aeroalergen akan meningkatkan risiko alergi saluran napas
di kemudian hari sampai sepuluh kali lipat


Kata Kunci


alergen makanan; alergen hirup; dermatitis atopik

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp6.4.2005.155-8

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