Peran Eritropoetin pada Anemia Bayi Prematur
Sari
Anemia sering terjadi pada bayi prematur, ditandai oleh penurunan nilai hematokrit,
retikulosit dan kadar eritropoetin endogen rendah. Di Amerika Serikat, 60-80% bayi
berat lahir sangat rendah (BBLSR) mengalami anemia dan membutuhkan transfusi sel
darah merah berulang sehingga mempunyai risiko terjadi komplikasi penularan penyakit.
Salah satu upaya menurunkan kebutuhan transfusi tersebut dengan pemberian
eritropoetin eksogen yaitu recombinant human eritropoietin (r-HU EPO) yang berfungsi
merangsang proliferasi, diferensiasi dan maturasi sel darah merah dalam sumsum tulang.
Walaupun pada bayi prematur dijumpai kadar eritropoetin yang sangat rendah, namun
progenitor eritroid tetap sensitif terhadap eritropoetin eksogen. Pemberian r-HU EPO
dapat meningkatkan eritropoesis sehingga bermanfaat mengurangi kebutuhan transfusi
pada anemia bayi prematur. Pemberian dalam dosis cukup pada usia dini, suplementasi
preparat besi dan protein mempunyai efektifitas yang baik. Berbagai penelitian terhadap
penggunaan r-HU EPO pada anemia bayi prematur telah dilakukan tetapi belum ada
kesepakatan mengenai protokol pemberian, termasuk waktu, dosis, cara, dan durasi
pemberian. [
Kata Kunci
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp7.3.2005.143-8
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