Saat Terbaik Pemberian Suplementasi Zat Besi pada Bayi 0 Bulan sampai 6 Bulan
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Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gizi di Indonesia. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga (SKRT) tahun 2001 menunjukkan prevalensi ADB pada bayi 0-6 bulan 61,3%.
Tujuan. Mengetahui berapa insidens defisiensi besi dengan atau tanpa anemia, dan kapan mulai terjadi deplesi besi atau defisiensi besi sebelum terjadi ADB pada bayi berusia 0-6 bulan.
Metode. Desain penelitian adalah studi kohort prospektif dengan pembanding eksternal. Di antara 211 bayi yang ikut penelitian, terdiri dari 143 bayi yang lahir dari ibu tanpa anemia dan 68 bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan anemia. Pemeriksaan darah tepi lengkap, gambaran darah tepi, saturasi transferin (ST) dilakukan saat bayi berusia 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 bulan. Diagnosis ADB berdasarkan 1) kadar Hb <14g/dL untuk usia 0-3 hari, <11g/dL untuk usia 1 bulan, <10g/dL untuk usia 2-6 bulan, 2) mikrositik dan atau hipokrom, 3) kadar Hb meningkat setelah diberi terapi besi, 4) RDW >14%, 5) Indeks Mentzer >13; 6) Indeks RDW >22,0. Deplesi besi bila ST <30% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <21% untuk usia 2-6 bulan. Defisiensi besi bila ST <20% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <16% untuk usia 2-6 bulan.
Hasil. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB berturut-turut 28,0, 27,0, dan 40,8%; artinya 95,8% bayi mempunyai status besi bermasalah. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan, berturut-turut 9,5, 14,2, dan 11,8%.
Kesimpulan. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan. Suplementasi zat besi elemental dengan dosis 1 mg/kg/hari hendaknya diberikan pada semua bayi aterm sejak lahir.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp10.3.2008.163-70
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