Karakteristik Keterlambatan Bicara di Klinik Khusus Tumbuh Kembang Rumah Sakit Anak dan Bunda Harapan Kita Tahun 2008 - 2009
Sari
Latar belakang. Keterlambatan berbicara dan berbahasa adalah masalah yang cukup umum pada anakanak
usia 2-5 tahun. Prevalensi dari keterlambatan berbicara dan berbahasa bervariasi antara 1%-32% pada
populasi normal, dipengaruhi berbagai faktor dan menurut metode yang digunakan untuk mendiagnosis.
Keterlambatan dalam gangguan perkembangan berbicara dapat merupakan gejala dari berbagai penyakit,
seperti keterbelakangan mental, gangguan pendengaran, gangguan bahasa ekspresif, autisme, selektif
mutisme, afasia reseptif dan cerebral palsy, dan penyakit lainnya. Gangguan berbicara mungkin sekunder
karena keterlambatan perkembangan atau disebabkan bilingualisme.
Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik keterlambatan bicara di Klinik Khusus Tumbuh Kembang (KKTB)
RSAB Harapan Kita, Jakarta.
Metode. Desain penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dari rekam medik pasien baru berusia 1-5 tahun yang
datang ke KKTK RSAB Harapan Kita pada Januari 2008 sampai dengan Desember 2009.
Hasil. Terdapat 260 pasien baru dengan keterlambatan bicara di KKTK RSAB Harapan Kita, 116 (44,6%)
anak dengan diagnosis developmental dysphasia. Dijumpai 69,6% kasus, diagnosis ditegakkan pada usia
antara 13-36 bulan, dan lebih banyak anak laki laki 185 (71,2%) anak. Latar belakang pendidikan ibu
pasien 65,8% berpendidikan tinggi.
Kesimpulan. Keterlambatan bicara di KKTK sebagian besar adalah developmental dysphasia. Ibu pasien
membawa ke KKTK pada usia dini sehingga dapat ditindaklanjuti dan diterapi lebih cepat sehingga mendapat
luaran yang lebih baik.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Leung AKC, Kao CP. Evaluation and Management of the
Child with Speech Delay. Diunduh dari : http://www.aafp.
org/afp/990600ap/3121.html. Diakses tanggal 18 Agustus
Buschmann A, Jooss B, Rupp A. Children with
developmental language delay at 24 months of age:
results of a diagnostic work-up. Developmental Medicine
& Child Neurol 2008;50: 223-9.
Busari JO,Weggelaar NM. How to investigate and manage
the child who is slow to speak. BMJ 2004;328:272-6.
Mcleod S, Harrison LJ. Epidemiology of speech and
language impairment in a nationally representative
sample of 4- to 5-year-old children. J speech, language,
and hearing research 2009;52:1213-29.
Downey D, Mraz R, Knott J. Diagnosis and evaluation of
children who are not talking. Infant and young children
;15:38-48.
Mashburn AJ, Myers SS. Advancing research on children
with speech-language impairment: an introduction to
the early childhood longitudinal study—kindergarten
cohort. Language, speech, and hearing services in schools.
;41:61-9.
Campbell TF, Dollaghan CA, Rockette HE, Paradise JL,
Feldman HD. Risk factors for speech delay of unknown
origin in 3 year old children. Child development
;74:346-57.
Jessup B, Ward E, Cahill L, Keating D. Teacher
identification of speech and language impairment
in kindergarten students using the Kindergarten
Development Check. In J Speech-Language Pathol
;10:449-59.
Glennen S. Language development and delay in
internationally adopted infants and toddlers : a review.
Am J Speech Language Pathol 2002;11:333-9.
Carscadden J, Corsiatto P, Ericson L, Illchuk R,
Esopenko C. A pilot study to evaluate a new early
screening instrument for speech and language delays.
Canadian J Speech-Language Pathol and Audiology
;34:87-95.
Shevell M, Majnnmer A, Rosenbaum P, Abrahamowicz
M. Profile of referrals for early childhood developmental
delay to ambulatory subspecialty clinics. J Child Neurol
;9:645-50.
Tang KML, Chen TYK, Lau VWY, Wu MMF. Cognitive
outcome of children with developmental delay in
Hongkong. Diunduh dari: http://hkjpaed.org/details.
asp?id=662&show=12. Diakses tanggal 18 Agustus 2010.
Harrison LJ, Mcleod S. Risk and protective factors
associated with speech and language impairment in
a nationally representative sample of 4 to 5 years old
children. J Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
;53:508-29.
HO DWL, Whitelhill T. Clinical supervision of speechlanguage
pathology students: comparison of two models
of feedback. In J Speech Language Pathol 2009;11:224-
Niccols A, Feldman M. Maternal sensitivity and behavior
problems in young children with developmental delay.
Inf child dev 2006;15:543-54.
Delgado CEF, Vagi SJ, Scott K. I1dentification of early
risk factors for developmental delay. Exceptionality
;15:119-36.
Chapman DA, Scott KG, Mason CA. Early risk factors
for mental retardation:role of maternal age and maternal
education. Am J Ment Retard 2002;107:46-59.
Deutsch CK, Joseph RM. Brief report: cognitive
correlates of enlarged head circumference in children
with autism. J Autism and Developmental Disorders
;33:209-15.
Moeller MP. Early intervention and language developmental
in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics
;106:43.
Skinnar S, Rapin I, Arnold S. Language regression in
childhood. Pediatr Neurol 2001;24:183-9.
Stein MI, Parker S, Coplan J, Feldman H. Expressive
language delay in a toddler. Pediatrics 2001;107:910-5.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp14.4.2012.230-4
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##
Email: editorial [at] saripediatri.org
Sari Pediatri diterbitkan oleh Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.