Prevalens dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Hipozincemia Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah pada Usia Koreksi Mendekati Cukup Bulan atau Cukup Bulan
Sari
Latar belakang. Deposit Seng (Zn) berperan terhadap fungsi metabolik tubuh. Bayi kurang bulan mempunyai
cadangan Zn yang rendah pada masa fetus, kebutuhan Zn yang tinggi setelah lahir, kapasitas untuk mengabsorbsi
dan retensi zat makanan terbatas. Gambaran klinis dari defisiensi Zn yang berat yaitu dermatitis, iritabel,
kandidiasis oral, diare, mineralisasi tulang yang buruk, gangguan fungsi motorik dan kognitif, meningkatnya
risiko terkena infeksi, dan retardasi pertumbuhan.
Tujuan. Untuk menentukan prevalens dan faktor risiko hipozincemia pada bayi berat lahir rendah.
Metode.Penelitian prospektif, desain penelitian potong lintang. Data dikumpulkan dari 3 rumah sakit
di Jakarta. Informasi faktor risiko dicatat dan kadar Zn diperiksa pada bayi dengan berat lahir <2000 g
dan usia gestasi <34 minggu, pada usia koreksi mendekati cukup bulan atau cukup bulan. Hasil dianalisis
dengan (T-test, dan Mann-Whitney) (regresi logistik). Defisiensi Zn didiagnosis apabila kadar Zn <55mg/
dl (8,4 μmol/L).
Hasil. Dari 63 bayi yang diteliti terdapat 18 bayi yang hipozincemia sehingga didapatkan prevalens
hipozincemia 28%. Dari 18 bayi hipozincemia, 67% disertai dengan gejala yang paling banyak dijumpai
adalah gangguan pertumbuhan. Peningkatan usia gestasi, peningkatan kadar kalsium dan pemberian
suplemen besi berhubungan dengan penurunan risiko hipozincemia (OR 0,622; 95% CI: 0,42-0,92), (OR
0,376; 95% CI: 0,16 – 0,88) dan (OR 0,062; 95 % CI: 0,008-0,46). Sedangkan jenis kelamin laki laki
berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko hipozincemia(OR 4,764; 95% CI: 0,06-21,40).
Kesimpulan.Prevalens hipozincemia pada bayi usia gestasi <34 minggu dan berat lahir <2000 gram, yang diperiksa
pada usia koreksi >35 minggu, didapatkan 28% dengan gejala. Gangguan pertumbuhan merupakan gejala yang
paling banyak dijumpai. Faktor risiko hipozincemia ditemukan pada bayi laki-laki, usia gestasi yang lebih rendah,
penurunan kadar kalsium dan tanpa pemberian suplementasi besi.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp13.3.2011.207-14
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