Profil Lipodistrofi dan Dislipidemia pada Pasien Prepubertas dengan HIV yang Mendapat Terapi ARV di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo
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Latar belakang. Terapi antiretroviral (ARV) kombinasi telah berhasil menurunkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien HIV, tetapi menimbulkan efek samping jangka panjang berupa sindrom lipodistrofi.
Tujuan. Mengidentifikasi adanya lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia pada pasien prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARVÂ jangka panjang.
Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 76 pasien HIV usia prepubertas di Poli Alergi Imunologi RSCM. Pemeriksaan klinis lipodistrofi dilakukan oleh tenaga klinis, tebal lipatan kulit (TLK) triceps dan subscapular, lingkar pinggang serta rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul. Data kadar CD4 awal, status gizi awal terdiagnosis, jenis terapi ARV, dan lama terapi ARV didapatkan dari rekam medis. Subyek juga dilakukan analisis diet, pemeriksaan profil lipid, dan gula darah puasa.
Hasil. Subyek prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV yang mengalami lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia berturut-turut 47% dan 46%. Subyek lipodistrofi berupa lipohipertrofi 35%, lipoatrofi 5%, dan tipe campuran 7%. Mayoritas subyek lipodistrofi memiliki massa lemak tubuh, serta TLK triceps dan subscapular normal. Subyek lipohipertrofi dan tipe campuran seluruhnya memiliki rasio lingkar pinggang-panggul meningkat. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan regimen ARV 2NRTI + PI meningkatkan risiko 6,9 kali untuk terjadinya dislipidemia (p=0,001 IK95%: 2,03-23,7) dibandingkan regimen 2NRTI+ NNRTI.
Kesimpulan. Prevalensi lipodistrofi dan dislipidemia cukup tinggi pada pasien prepubertas dengan HIV yang mendapatkan terapi ARV. Mayoritas subyek yang mengalami lipodistrofi memiliki massa lemak tubuh, TLK triceps dan subscapular yang normal.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp18.1.2016.55-62
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