Faktor Prediktor Malnutrisi Rumah Sakit pada Anak
Sari
Latar belakang. Perawatan anak di rumah sakit berisiko terhadap kejadian malnutrisi rumah sakit akibat dari penurunan asupan makan, hipermetabolisme, malabsorbsi dan kehilangan nutrisi. Malnutrisi berdampak pada peningkatan kejadian komplikasi penyakit, lama rawat, dan biaya pelayanan.
Tujuan. Melakukan evaluasi asupan makan, status nutrisi awal, demam, diare, keganasan, diagnosis multipel dan derajat penyakit sebagai faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak.
Metode. Penelitian prospektif dilakukan pada pasien anak yang dirawat di RSUP Dr Sardjito usia 1 bulan sampai 18 tahun pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2012. Subyek diambil secara konsekutif. Didapat 224 subyek, 20 tidak dianalisis karena data tidak lengkap. Berat badan diukur setiap hari pada kondisi yang sama sampai dengan pasien dipulangkan. Malnutrisi rumah sakit jika penurunan berat badan >2% (perawatan <7 hari), 5% (perawatan 8 sampai 30 hari) atau 10% (perawatan >30 hari). Asupan makan, status nutrisi, demam, diare, keganasan, diagnosis multipel dan derajat penyakit dinilai dalam 48 jam pertama perawatan.
Hasil. Proporsi malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak 27%. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa derajat penyakit adalah faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak (RR=2,56; IK=1,22-5,38).
Kesimpulan Derajat penyakit adalah faktor prediktor malnutrisi rumah sakit pada anak.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp18.4.2016.278-84
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