Karakteristik Klinis dan Faktor-faktor yang Berpengaruh pada Luaran Pasien di Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak Level Sekunder di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tipe B
Sari
Latar belakang. Setiap unit perawatan intensif anak (UPIA) memiliki karakteristik berbeda dan evaluasi terhadap luaran pasien penting untuk memperbaiki kualitas pelayanan. Data publikasi penelitian terkait UPIA umumnya dikerjakan pada level tersier.
Tujuan Mengetahui karakteristik klinis, luaran, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi luaran di UPIA level sekunder pada Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD).
Metode: Penelitian potong lintang retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis pasien yang dirawat di UPIA RSUD Balaraja selama tahun 2022. Data yang diambil mencakup data demografis (usia, jenis kelamin, berat badan), ruang asal perawatan, diagnosis utama, komorbiditas, terapi selama perawatan, dan parameter laboratorium. Hasil uji statistik disajikan dalam nilai p serta interval kepercayaan 95%, besarnya hubungan dinyatakan dengan nilai odd ratio (OR).
Hasil: Seratus satu pasien masuk dalam penelitian. Sebagian besar berusia di bawah 1 tahun, berasal dari bangsal perawatan, dan memiliki komorbiditas. Sebanyak 87,1% pasien memiliki diagnosis utama medis, pneumonia dan infeksi sistem saraf pusat merupakan diagnosis terbanyak. Terdapat 32 pasien (31,6 %) meninggal dunia, penggunaan ventilator mekanik (OR 36,75; 95% KI 8,014-168,519; p<0,001) dan pemberian obat vasoaktif (OR 11; 95% KI 4,137-29,295; p<0,001) berhubungan bermakna dengan tingkat mortalitas.
Kesimpulan: Sebagian besar pasien adalah bayi yang didominasi dengan masalah medis akibat infeksi. Tingkat mortalitas cukup tinggi, berhubungan bermakna dengan penggunaan ventilator mekanik invasif serta obat vasoaktif.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp26.2.2024.109-15
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