Studi Prospektif pada Anak dengan Manifestasi Neurologi yang Terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta

Kristy Iskandar, Agung Triono, Alexandra Widita Swipratami, Yunika Puspa Dewi, Marissa Leviani Hadiyanto, Ignatia Rosalia Kirana, Salsabilla Hasna Mutiara Rizki, Elisabeth Siti Herini

Sari


Latar belakang. Infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2 dilaporkan menyerang anak-anak dengan prevalensi 1-5% kasus di dunia. Manifestasi neurologis dapat terjadi pada fase akut maupun subakut infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Gejala neurologi telah ditemukan pada 9,2% pasien anak dengan COVID-19 dan berhubungan dengan perburukan kualitas hidup serta prognosis pasien.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kejadian infeksi SARS-COV-2 pada anak dengan manifestasi neurologi di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada tahun 2021.
Metode. Penelitian deskriptif prospektif ini mengambil subjek pasien berusia 0-18 tahun dengan manifestasi neurologi yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito pada Januari 2021 sampai Januari 2022. Pemeriksaan konfirmasi SARS-CoV-2 dilakukan dengan swab tenggorokan dan cairan serebrospinal yang dianalisis melalui polymerase chain reaction dan/atau antibodi Immunoglobulin G dan M serum.
Hasil. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 ditemukan pada 45,5% pasien ensefalitis/ensefalopati, 30,3% pasien status epileptikus, 21,2% pasien epilepsi, 21,2% pasien gangguan neuromuskular, dan 12,1% pasien stroke. Delapan belas pasien (54,5%) memenuhi kriteria MIS-C. Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara luaran pasien dengan insidensi infeksi SARS-CoV-2 (p=0,4).
Kesimpulan. Infeksi SARS-CoV-2 positif ditemukan cukup tinggi pada pasien dengan manifestasi neurologi. Kejadian multisystem inflammatory syndrome meningkat pada pasien anak dengan manifestasi neurologi yang terinfeksi SARS-CoV-2 sehingga memerlukan pengawasan.


Kata Kunci


MIS-C; COVID-19; infeksi; neurologis

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Referensi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp25.1.2023.1-6

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