Faktor Risiko Gagal Tumbuh pada Anak Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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Latar belakang. Gangguan pertumbuhan disertai malnutrisi merupakan faktor morbiditas dan mortalitas anak dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus /Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Pertumbuhan suboptimal anak tersebut memiliki beberapa kemungkinan mekanisme yang mendasari, yaitu penyakit tersebut, penyakit penyerta, asupan nutrisi kurang, dan malabsorpsi.
Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor risiko gagal tumbuh pada anak Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Metode. Penelitian analitik observasional desain kasus-kontrol pada anak usia lima tahun satu bulan – 14 tahun. Pembagian kelompok berdasar berat badan saat ini dibandingkan data berat badan enam bulan sebelumnya dan diplotting pada kurva Weight for Age . Data waktu dimulainya antiretroviral, kepatuhan pengobatan, infeksi oportunistik, status gizi awal terapi, asupan nutrisi, kondisi imunosupresi saat terdiagnosis, dan kondisi malabsorpsi dicatat. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistical package for the social sciences versi 23.
Hasil. Total 58 anak, 30 mengalami gagal tumbuh, 28 tidak mengalami gagal tumbuh. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada asupan nutrisi subjek penelitian (p=0,002, OR 5,81, IK 95% 1,870 – 18,027). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor paling dominan memengaruhi gagal tumbuh pada anak HIV/AIDS adalah status gizi kurang-buruk awal terapi (OR 3,97 IK 95% 1,08-14,59; p=0,038) dan pemenuhan protein kurang dari 100% (OR 15,11 IK 95% 1,69-84,90; p=0,002).
Kesimpulan. Status gizi kurang-buruk dan pemenuhan protein kurang dari 100% memiliki kemungkinan besar terjadinya gagal tumbuh.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp25.1.2023.32-8
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