Faktor Prediktor Kematian Neonatus dengan Malformasi Anorektal Pasca Operasi
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Latar belakang. Anorectal malformation (ARM) atau imperforate anus atau malformasi anorektal (MAR) atau atresia ani merupakan kelainan bawaan yang sering ditemui. Kematian neonatus MAR yang tidak segera terdiagnosis masih terjadi. Kesakitan neonatus MAR pasca operasi dikaitkan dengan infeksi saluran kencing dan gangguan pertumbuhan, serta dapat terjadi perforasi usus serta septikemia yang dapat menyebabkan kematian.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor prediktor yang memengaruhi kematian neonatus dengan MAR pasca operasi.
Metode. Dilakukan penelitian kohort retrospektif pada data neonatus malformasi anorektal pasca operasi di RSUP dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta antara Januari 2013 - Desember 2019. Data karakteristik berupa jenis kelamin, usia kehamilan, berat lahir, usia operasi, fistula, VACTERL, penyakit jantung bawaan, sepsis, dan usia ibu.
Hasil. Diperoleh 188 neonatus MAR dari 9736 neonatus yang dirawat di bangsal perinatal dan NICU pada periode Januari 2013- Desember 2019. Analisis bivariat diperoleh variabel: usia kehamilan, berat lahir, penyakit jantung bawaan, dan sepsis merupakan faktor prediktor kematian pada neonatus MAR. Dari analisis multivariat didapatkan variabel yang dapat menjadi faktor prediktor kematian neonatus MAR pasca operasi adalah penyakit jantung bawaan (OR:3,91;CI 95% :1,52-10,03) dan sepsis (OR:3,16; CI 95% :1,45-6,89).
Kesimpulan. Penyakit jantung bawaan dan sepsis merupakan faktor prediktor kematian pada neonatus malformasi anorektal.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.5.2022.323-9
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