Faktor Risiko Infeksi Tuberkulosis Milier dan Ekstraparu pada Anak Penderita Tuberkulosis
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Latar belakang. Infeksi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dapat bermanifestasi klinis sebagai penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) paru maupun TB ekstraparu dan TB milier. Saat ini terdapat kekurangan data mengenai faktor risiko TB ekstraparu dan milier pada anak TB.
Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu pada anak penderita TB.
Metode. Penelitian analitik potong-lintang menggunakan data sekunder. Sampel direkrut secara konsekutif dari pasien TB anak yang rawat inap dan rawat jalan di RSUP Sanglah, Denpasar mulai dari Januari 2017 hingga Agustus 2019. Selama periode penelitian didapat 120 pasien rawat inap maupun rawat jalan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Tigapuluh enam subyek dieksklusi karena data rekam medik tidak lengkap sehingga didapat 84 sampel, terdiri dari 42 subyek TB paru dan 42 TB milier/TB ekstraparu. Seluruh sampel adalah pasien TB yang terbagi menjadi TB paru dan TB ekstraparu.
Hasil. Tuberkulosis paru ditemukan 42 kasus (50%), 35 kasus (41,7%) menderita TB ekstraparu, dan 7 kasus (8,3%) menderita TB milier. Status HIV positif [OR= 3,71, IK 95% 1,21 sampai 11,33, p=0,022] dan tanpa parut BCG [OR=5,02, IK 95% 1,18 sampai 21,26, p=0,029] merupakan faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu.
Kesimpulan. Status HIV positif dan tanpa parut BCG merupakan faktor risiko TB milier dan TB ekstraparu.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.5.2021.290-6
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