Peran Bifidobakteria dalam Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Alergi serta Gangguan Sistem Imun pada Anak
Sari
Bifidobakteria berperan dalam dinamika maturasi sistem imun dan memiliki timeline yang terhubung dengan timelinesistem imun. Bifidobakteria membantu pembentukan sistem imun nonspesifik maupun spesifik sedangkan sistem imun membantu pembentukan komposisi bifidobakteria. Bifidobakteria dapat berperan dalam sistem imun karena memiliki banyak enzim yang menunjang kolonisasi, mampu memelihara homeostasis mukosa intestinal, bekerjasama dengan mukus dan SIgA memerangkap patogen, membantu pembentukan SIgA dan IgM, serta meningkatkan survival koloni Treg. Secara klinis, penggunaan bifidobakterium tunggal maupun kombinasi bermanfaat untuk pencegahan dan pengobatan kasus alergi dan gangguan sistem imun. Pemberian bifidobakteria pada dosis 109 colony forming unit satu hingga dua bulan sebelum kelahiran dilanjutkan pemberian pada bayi selama 6 bulan menurunkan kejadian dermatitis atopik. Pemberian bifidobakteria pada bayi prematur memperbaiki profil kolonisasi bifidobakteria, menurunkan kejadian,dan keparahan nerotizing enterocolitis. Pemberian bifidobakteria memperbaiki kualitas hidup rinitis alergi musiman dan asma intermiten, menurunkan skor dermatitis (SCORAD) dan penggunaan steroid pada dermatitis atopik, serta membantu menurunkan berulangnya infeksi saluran nafas pada anak.Â
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.6.2021.394-400
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