Peran Bifidobacterium dalam Perkembangan Otak dan Tumbuh Kembang Anak

Ahmad Suryawan, Rini Sekartini

Sari


Pengetahuan tentang peran spesifik mikrobiota saluran cerna dalam perkembangan otak dan tumbuh kembang anak semakin menarik perhatian peneliti pada beberapa tahun terakhir. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena terakumulasinya bukti dari berbagai studi tentang komunikasi dua arah antara saluran cerna dan otak, yang digambarkan sebagai teori gut-brain axis. Salah satu mikrobiota yang mendapat perhatian khusus dalam hal ini adalah Bifidobacterium, yang berpotensi mempunyai peran khusus dalam perkembangan otak anak usia dini, Kolonisasi Bifidobacterium dalam saluran cerna paling dominan pada usia awal setelah lahir, yang terjadi paralel dengan periode kritis perkembangan sirkuit otak anak. Aplikasi klinis teori gut-brain axis lebih banyak terbukti pada studi eksperimental. Studi pada subyek anak mayoritas merupakan studi observasional dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Pemberian Bifidobacterium nampak menjanjikan sebagai regimen untuk terapi gejala gangguan tumbuh kembang. Namun bukti berbasis uji klinis masih sangat terbatas, dan menunjukkan hasil yang heterogen. Masih diperlukan bukti berbasis uji klinis acak-terkontrol yang dirancang dengan baik untuk memvalidasi efektivitas probiotik untuk terapi gangguan tumbuh kembang dalam hal identifikasi strain, dosis, dan waktu pengobatan yang sesuai dan standar. Peningkatan pemahaman tentang keilmuan gut-brain axis diharapkan membuka kemungkinan dimasa depan akan muncul terapi berbasis probiotik yang mempunyai efek terhadap berbagai kondisi otak dan tumbuh kembang anak

Kata Kunci


Bifidobacterium; otak; tumbuh kembang; anak

Teks Lengkap:

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Referensi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.5.2021.325-30

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