Bifidobakterium dan Kesehatan Saluran Cerna Anak
Sari
Kolonosisasi mikrobiota saluran cerna yang didominasi oleh mikrobiota sehat merupakan aspek penting dalam optimalisasi kesehatan anak. Komposisi mikrobiota saluran cerna selalu berubah pada setiap keadaan karena banyak faktor yang memengaruhinya. Bifidobacteria terdapat dalam Air Susu Ibu dan mendominasi saluran cerna bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif, seringkali dikaitkan dengan kesehatan bayi dan anak dikemudian hari. Bifidobacteria dikategorikan dalam dua kelompok, yaitu (1) spesies Bifidobacteria berasal dari manusia (human residential bifidobacteria/HRB) dan (2) spesies Bifidobacteria yang secara alami berkoloni di hewan/ lingkungan (non-HRB). Bifidobacteria breve, B. longum subsp.infantis, dan B. bifidum adalah HRB yang terdapat pada bayi. Kolonisasi usus bayi ASI eksklusif didominasi oleh HRB saat berusia 2 minggu. Suplementasi HRB memberikan efek protektif NEC pada bayi dengan usia gestasi <34 minggu. Resolusi sakit perut bermakna terlihat pada irritable bowel syndrome yang mendapat suplementasi HRB, walaupun demikian belum cukup kuat bukti untuk menyatakan bahwa probiotik lebih efektif dalam mencegah kolik infantil.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.3.2020.190-6
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