Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gangguan Perilaku pada Anak Epilepsi
Sari
Latar belakang. Anak epilepsi memiliki prevalensi gangguan perilaku yang tinggi dan dapat menyebabkan
dampak psikososial. Sejauh ini, di Indonesia, belum ditemukan studi yang meneliti gangguan perilaku pada
anak epilepsi serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.
Tujuan. Mengetahui proporsi dan jenis gangguan perilaku anak epilepsi berdasarkan child behavior checklist
(CBCL) dan hubungan antara usia awitan kejang, frekuensi kejang, durasi epilepsi, obat anti epilepsi, tingkat
sosial ekonomi, dan pendidikan orangtua, dengan gangguan perilaku pada anak epilepsi, serta adaptasi
keluarga dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi.
Metode. Penelitian potong lintang di Klinik Neurologi Anak FKUI RSCM. Skrining gangguan perilaku
dengan kuesioner CBCL dilakukan pada 30 anak epilepsi tanpa defisit neurologis dan disabilitas intelektual.
Studi kualitatif untuk menilai adaptasi keluarga dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi.
Hasil. Terdapat 3 dari 30 anak epilepsi yang mengalami gangguan perilaku dengan jenis gangguan perilaku
eksternalisasi (perilaku melanggar aturan dan agresif), masalah sosial, dan gangguan pemusatan perhatian.
Faktor usia awitan kejang (p=0,280), frekuensi kejang (p=0,007; RP 0,036; IK95% 0,005-0,245), durasi
epilepsi (p=1,000), obat anti epilepsi (p=0,020; RP 0,019; IK95% 0,001-0,437), tingkat sosial ekonomi
(p=0,251), dan pendidikan orangtua (p=1,000), tidak berisiko meningkatkan gangguan perilaku. Terdapat
sikap dan reaksi, serta persepsi dan stigma orangtua yang negatif dalam menghadapi anak epilepsi yang
mengalami gangguan perilaku. Terdapat masalah keluarga sejak anak mengalami epilepsi dan gangguan
perilaku. Orangtua tidak dapat menerapkan pola asuh displin dan kemandirian pada anak dengan gangguan
perilaku.
Kesimpulan. Proporsi gangguan perilaku pada anak epilepsi tanpa defisit neurologis dan disabilitas intelektual
tidak tinggi. Tidak terdapat faktor yang memengaruhi gangguan perilaku. Adaptasi keluarga baik dalam
menghadapi anak epilepsi tanpa gangguan perilaku, dibandingkan dengan keluarga anak epilepsi yang
mengalami gangguan perilaku
Kata Kunci
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp16.6.2015.409-15
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