Prevalensi Alergi Makanan pada Anak Usia Kurang dari 3 Tahun di Jakarta Berbasis Survei dalam Jaringan / Online
Sari
Latar belakang. Alergi makanan diasumsikan oleh masyarakat maupun praktisi kesehatan memiliki prevalensi
yang tinggi. Pada anak usia <3 tahun di Indonesia, prevalensi alergi makanan belum diketahui.
Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi alergi makanan pada anak usia <3 tahun di Jakarta.
Metode. Studi deskriptif potong lintang menggunakan survei dalam jaringan (daring)/online Januari
2011-Oktober 2013. Orangtua anak usia <3 tahun yang mengaku anaknya alergi makanan di Jakarta dan
mampu mengakses internet, tercatat masuk di www.alergianakku.com, mengisi kuesioner daring modifikasi
epidemiology of asthma and allergy in early life (EAAEL) untuk diseleksi. Konfirmasi diagnosis subjek
berdasarkan anamnesis (convincing history).
Hasil. Terdapat 286 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 100 (35%) terduga alergi makanan dan 30 di
antaranya didiagnosis alergi makanan. Mayoritas subjek laki-laki (60%) dan kelompok usia >12-36 bulan
(48%). Usia terbanyak kelompok alergi >6-12 bulan (11/30), gejala reaksi kulit (26/30), dan penyebabnya
adalah susu sapi. Mayoritas subjek mendapatkan ASI hingga usia 12 bulan (13/30), ASI eksklusif <6 bulan
(23/30), dan diberikan makanan pendamping pada usia 2-4 bulan (13/30). Riwayat alergi keluarga (27/30),
tersering adalah asma (12/30) dengan hubungan keluarga ibu kandung (15/30).
Kesimpulan. Prevalensi alergi makanan berbasis survei daring 10,5% dan 30% dari subjek yang diaku
orangtua memiliki alergi makanan. Manifestasi terbanyak berupa reaksi kulit, jenis makanan penyebab
adalah susu sapi.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp16.5.2015.365-74
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