Hubungan Awitan Pengobatan Hipotiroid Kongenital dengan Gangguan Perkembangan Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Hasan Sadikin
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Latar belakang. Hipotiroid kongenital (HK) adalah kondisi kekurangan hormon tiroid, tiroksin, dan tri-iodotironina sejak lahir yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan organogenesis sistem saraf pusat serta metabolisme tubuh. Penderita HK yang tidak diterapi dapat berlanjut menjadi individu dengan gangguan perkembangan. Data di Indonesia dari Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) sejak tahun 2000-2013, angka kejadian HK pada bayi baru lahir sebanyak 1:2736.
Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan awitan pengobatan dengan gangguan perkembangan pada anak dengan HK.
Metode. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang yang dilakukan periode bulan Agustus–November 2018. Subjek HK datang kontrol ke klinik rawat jalan endokrin dan tumbuh kembang RS. Hasan Sadikin, berusia <36 bulan dan mendapat terapi levotiroksin, dilakukan penilaian perkembangan dengan pemeriksaan Denver dan CAT/ CLAMS (cognitive adaptive test/ clinical linguistic auditory milestone scale). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-kuadrat dan Mann Whitney (p<0,05).
Hasil. Terdapat 92 kasus HK, 12 dieksklusi, subjek terdiri dari 38 laki-laki dan 42 perempuan dengan rerata usia diagnosis 3,0 bulan (0,5–22,0 bulan). Didapatkan adanya hubungan usia saat diagnosis dan awitan pengobatan dengan gangguan perkembangan (p<0,001). Usia saat diagnosis dan awitan pengobatan >3 bulan lebih banyak mengalami gangguan perkembangannya.
Kesimpulan. Pasien HK yang terlambat didiagnosis dan diberikan terapi akan mengalami gangguan perkembangan yang lebih banyak.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp21.1.2019.16-23
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