Gangguan Ginjal terkait Obesitas pada Anak
Sari
Prevalensi obesitas pada anak serta komplikasinya cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu komplikasi obesitas adalah kelainan ginjal yang disebut obesity-related renal injury atau gangguan ginjal terkait obesitas. Banyak faktor yang berperan dalam terjadinya obesity-related renal injury. Overweight atau obesitas berhubungan erat dengan berbagai faktor risiko penyakit ginjal kronik yaitu hiperinsulinemia, gangguan metabolisme glukosa, hipertensi, hiperlipidemia, dan sindrom metabolik. Di antara semua faktor tersebut, faktor yang paling berperan antara obesitas dan kerusakan ginjal adalah berkurangnya sensitivitas insulin. Manifestasi klinis  obesity related renal injury biasanya berupa proteinuria bermakna tanpa edema, albumin plasma sedikit menurun, dan kolesterol normal atau sedikit meningkat. Salah satu tata laksana obesity-related renal injury adalah penurunan berat badan. Pengurangan asupan diet dan penurunan berat badan dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya lesi glomerulosklerosis fokal segmental. Terapi lainnya adalah pemberian obat yang memiliki efek negatif terhadap sistem renin-angiotensin seperti inhibitor angiotensin-converting-enzyme dan angitensin receptor blocker. Dapat juga diberikan obat yang meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin. Golongan statin mempunyai peranan dalam melindungi ginjal. Usaha mencegah atau menangani obesitas sejak dini memberikan dampak besar terhadap insidens, progresivitas, biaya, dan komorbiditas penyakit ginjal
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp18.6.2017.504-12
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