Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome pada Anak

Bambang Supriyatno, Rusmala Deviani

Sari


Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) adalah suatu sindrom obstruksi total atau
parsial jalan nafas yang menyebabkan gangguan fisiologis yang bermakna dengan dampak
klinis yang bervariasi. Prevalensi OSAS adalah 0,7 – 10,3%. Beberapa keadaan dapat
merupakan faktor risiko OSAS seperti hipertofi adenoid dan atau tonsil, obesitas,
disproporsi sefalometri, kelainan daerah hidung. OSAS pada anak berbeda dengan dewasa
baik faktor risiko maupun tata laksananya. Manifestasi klinis OSAS pada anak adalah
kesulitan bernafas pada saat tidur, mendengkur, hiperaktif, mengantuk pada siang hari,
dan kadang-kadang enuresis. Diagnosis OSAS secara definitif menggunakan
polisomnografi yaitu adanya indeks apnea atau hipopnea lebih dari 5. Sebagai alternatif
diagnosis adalah menggunakan kuesioner Brouillette dkk, observasi dengan video, atau
menggunakan pulse oksimetri. Tata laksana OSAS pada anak adalah pengangkatan
adenoid (adenoidektomi dan/atau tonsilektomi). Angka keberhasilannya cukup tinggi
yaitu sekitar 75%. Selain itu diet untuk penurunan berat badan pada obesitas, serta
pengunaan CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure). Komplikasi yang dapat terjadi
adalah gangguan tingkah laku, kelainan kardiovaskular, dan gagal tumbuh.


Kata Kunci


OSAS; anak; diagnosis; adenoidektomi; tonsilektomi

Teks Lengkap:

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp7.2.2005.77-84

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