Etiologi dan Karakteristik Demam Berkepanjangan pada Anak di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta

Barry Army Bakry, Alan Roland Tumbelaka, Imral Chair

Sari


Latar belakang. Kesulitan dalam mencari penyebab demam berkepanjangan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor terutama karena penyebab yang beraneka ragam. Waktu serta tempat timbulnya penyakit juga turut berperan. Pengetahuan tentang etiologi dan karakteristik penyakit sangat diperlukan karena memudahkan para klinisi dalam menegakkan diagnosis demam berkepanjangan.
Metode. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan untuk mengetahui etiologi dan karakteristik pasien demam berkepanjangan yang dirawat di RSCM. Populasi anak dengan keluhan demam berkepanjangan saat masuk diambil dari data rekam medis sejak Januari 2004 hingga Maret 2007.
Hasil. Angka kejadian pasien demam berkepanjangan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo 2% (100 pasien), sebagian besar laki-laki 59% dan perempuan 41% kasus. Penyebab terbanyak penyakit infeksi 80%, yaitu infeksi saluran kemih, demam tifoid, bakteremia, tuberkulosis serta otitis media. Sebagian besar pasien berusia di bawah dua tahun 46% kasus, memiliki status gizi kurang (75%). Kuman terbanyak yang ditemukan pada biakan darah, biakan urin dan biakan feses berturut turut Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, dan Escherichia coli patogen
Kesimpulan. Kelompok penyakit infeksi merupakan penyebab terbanyak demam berkepanjangan pada seluruh kelompok umur. Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis serta pemeriksaan penunjang yang terarah merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam mencari etiologi demam berkepanjangan.


Kata Kunci


etiologi; demam berkepanjangan; anak

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Referensi


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp10.2.2008.83-88

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