Etiologi dan Karakteristik Demam Berkepanjangan pada Anak di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta
Sari
Latar belakang. Kesulitan dalam mencari penyebab demam berkepanjangan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor terutama karena penyebab yang beraneka ragam. Waktu serta tempat timbulnya penyakit juga turut berperan. Pengetahuan tentang etiologi dan karakteristik penyakit sangat diperlukan karena memudahkan para klinisi dalam menegakkan diagnosis demam berkepanjangan.
Metode. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dilakukan untuk mengetahui etiologi dan karakteristik pasien demam berkepanjangan yang dirawat di RSCM. Populasi anak dengan keluhan demam berkepanjangan saat masuk diambil dari data rekam medis sejak Januari 2004 hingga Maret 2007.
Hasil. Angka kejadian pasien demam berkepanjangan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo 2% (100 pasien), sebagian besar laki-laki 59% dan perempuan 41% kasus. Penyebab terbanyak penyakit infeksi 80%, yaitu infeksi saluran kemih, demam tifoid, bakteremia, tuberkulosis serta otitis media. Sebagian besar pasien berusia di bawah dua tahun 46% kasus, memiliki status gizi kurang (75%). Kuman terbanyak yang ditemukan pada biakan darah, biakan urin dan biakan feses berturut turut Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, dan Escherichia coli patogen
Kesimpulan. Kelompok penyakit infeksi merupakan penyebab terbanyak demam berkepanjangan pada seluruh kelompok umur. Anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisis serta pemeriksaan penunjang yang terarah merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam mencari etiologi demam berkepanjangan.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Lorin MI, Feigin RD. Fever without source and fever of unknown origin. Dalam: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler GJ, Kaplan SL, penyunting. Text book of pediatric, infectious diseases. Edisi ke-5. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2004. h. 825-36.
Akpede GO, Akenzua GI. Management of children with prolonged fever of unknown origin and difficulties in the management of fever of unknown origin in children in developing countries. Paediatr Drugs 2001;3:247-62.
Cogulu O, Koturuglu G, Kurugol Z. Evaluation 80 children with prolonged fever. Pediatrics 2003;45: 564-9.
Teach SJ. Approach to the child with prolonged fever in the pediatric emergency department. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med J 2000;1:157-63.
Long SS, Edwards KM. Fever of unknown origin and periodic fever syndromes. Dalam: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG, penyunting. Principles and practice of pediatrics infectious diseases. Edisi ke-2. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingston; 2003. h. 114-20.
Pizzo PA, Lovejoy FH, Smith DH. Prolonged fever in children: review of 100 cases. Pediatrics 1975;55:468-73.
Hayani A, Mahoney OH, Ferbach DJ. Role of bone marrow examination in the child with prolonged fever. J Pediatr 1990;16:19-20.
Steele RW, Jones SM, Lowe BA, Glasier CM. Usefulness of scanning procedures for diagnosis of fever of unknown origin in children. J Pediatr 1991;119:526-30.
Arnow PM, Flaherty JP. Fever of unknown origin. Lancet 1997;350:575-80.
Akpede GO, Akenzua GI. Aetiology and management of children with acute fever of unknown origin. Paediatr Drugs 2001;3:169-93.
Edwin E, Sandra T. Fever of unknown origin at the Santo Tomas University Hospital. Phil J Microbiol Infect Dis 1992;22:35-40. 12. Park HS, Im SJ, Park SE. Investigation of causes of FUO (fever of unknown origin) in children. Korean J Pediatr 2006;49:1282-86. [Abstrak]
Han KS, Yun DJ. Prolonged Fever in Korean Children: Review of 120 cases. J Korean Pediatr Soc. 1979;22:931-9. [Abstrak]
Chiang TM, Chang TY. Clinical observation and analysis of febrile children. Zhonghua yi Xue Za Zhi 1993;51:431-5. [Abstrak]
McCarthy PL, Bachman DT, Shapiro ED. Fever without apparent source on clinical examination, lower respiratory infections in children, bacterial infections, and acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea of infancy and early childhood. Curr Opin Pediatr 1994;6:105-25.
Lohr JA, Hendley JO. Prolonged fever of unknown origin: a record of experiences with 54 childhood patients. Clin Pediatr 1977;16:768-7.
Berezin EN, Lazzetti, MA. Evaluation of the incidence of occult bacteremia among children with fever of unknown origin. Braz J Infect Dis 2006;10:396-9.
Ingarfield SL, Celenza A, Jacobs IG, Riley TV. Outcomes in patients with an emergency department diagnosis of fever of unknown origin. Emerg Med Australas 2007;19:105-12.
Bandyopadhyay S, Bergholte J, Blackwell CD, Friedlander JR, Hennes H. Risk of serious bacterial infection in children with fever without a source in the post-Haemophilus influenzae era when antibiotics are reserved for culture-proven bacteremia. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002;156:512-7.
Babay HA, Twum-Danso K, Kambal AM, Al-Otaib FE. Bloodstream infections in pediatric patients. Saudi Med J 2006;26:1555-61.
Leelarasamee A, Chupaprawan C, Chenchittikul M, Udompanthurat. Etiologies of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai 2004; 87:464-72.
Hellerstein S. Urinary Tract Infection. Diunduh dari: www.emedicine.com. Diakses tanggal 21 Agustus 2007.
Nguyen TV, Le PV. Antibiotic resistance in diarrheagenic Escherichia coliand Shigella strains isolated from children in Hanoi, Vietnam. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 2005;49:816-9
Udom L, Peter E. Viruses and bacteria in pediatric diarrhea in Thailand: a study of multiple antibiotic-resistant enteric pathogens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1981;30:1281-90.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp10.2.2008.83-88
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##
Email: editorial [at] saripediatri.org
Sari Pediatri diterbitkan oleh Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.