Insidens Defisiensi Besi dan Anemia Defisiensi Besi pada Bayi Berusia 0-12 Bulan di Banjarbaru Kalimantan Selatan: studi kohort prospektif
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Latar belakang. Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan gizi di Indonesia. Survei kesehatan rumah tangga (SKRT) tahun 2001 menunjukkan prevalensi ADB pada bayi kurang dari 1 tahun 55%.
Tujuan. Mengetahui insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, dan anemia defisiensi besi pada bayi berusia kurang dari 1 tahun.
Metode. Desain penelitian adalah studi kohort prospektif dengan pembanding eksternal. Dijumpai 211 bayi ikut dalam penelitian, terdiri dari 143 bayi lahir dari ibu tanpa anemia dan 68 bayi lahir dari ibu dengan anemia. Pemeriksaan darah tepi lengkap, gambaran darah tepi, feritin, saturasi transferin (ST) dilakukan saat bayi berusia 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 12 bulan. Diagnosis ADB berdasarkan 1) kadar hemoglobin <14g/dL untuk usia 0-3 hari, <11g/dL usia 1 bulan, <10g/dL usia 2-6 bulan, <11g/dL usia 6-12 bulan, 2) mikrositik dan atau hipokrom, 3) kadar hemoglobin meningkat setelah diberi terapi besi, 4) feritin <12 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan, 5) RDW >14%, 6) Indeks Mentzer >13; 7) Indeks RDW >220. Deplesi besi bila ST <30% untuk usia 0-1 bulan, ST <21% untuk usia 2-6 bulan, feritin<20 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan. Defisiensi besi bila ST <20% usia 0-1 bulan, ST <16% usia 2-6 bulan, feritin <12 ug/L usia 6-12 bulan.
Hasil. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB berturut-turut 11,4%, 7,6%, 47,4%, tertinggi pada bayi berusia 0 bulan, yaitu berturut-turut 9,5%, 14,2%, 11,8%.
Kesimpulan. Insidens deplesi besi, defisiensi besi, ADB paling tinggi dijumpai pada bayi berusia 0 bulan.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp11.1.2009.8-14
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