Profil Diare Akut dengan Dehidrasi Berat di Ruang Perawatan Intensif Anak
Sari
Latar belakang. Diare merupakan penyakit penyebab kematian nomor dua pada anak kurang dari 5 tahun
dan memberikan kontribusi kematian 1,5 juta anak per tahun.Kebanyakan anak meninggal karena
dehidrasi berat.
Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik, manifestasi klinis, dan temuan laboratorium anak diare akut
dengan dehidrasi berat.
Metode. Penelitian deskriptif retrospektif, dilakukan pada bulan Januari 1999–Desember 2008. Data diambil
dari rekam medik RSU Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou, Manado dan dianalisis dengan SPSS 17.0.
Hasil. Terdapat 83 anak, terbanyak usia kurang dari 1 tahun (60,2%), laki-laki (73,5%), dan status gizi
kurang (36,1%). Lama diare ± 2.54 hari dengan keluhan lain yang terbanyak adalah demam dan muntah
(73,3%). Komplikasi yang terbanyak dijumpai berupa gangguan keseimbangan elektrolit (62,5%). Pemeriksaan
laboratorium, hematokrit 33,8% (23,1-52%), hemoglobin 11,3 g/dL (7,8 -16,5g/dL), dan leukosit
15.360/mm3(4.000-41.700/mm3). Dari 20 sediaan feses yang diperiksa ditemukan Kandida sp (75%),
Blastosistosis hominis (40%), E. coli (25%), Koliform (5%) dan Ascarias lumbricoides (5%).
Kesimpulan. Diare akut dengan dehidrasi berat ditemukan pada bayi laki-laki, dengan komplikasi terbanyak
gangguan keseimbangan elektrolit (seperti hipokalemia) dan sepsis. Kandida sp merupakan patogen yang
paling banyak ditemukan pada pemeriksaan feses.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Johnstons B.C. Methodological issues in randomized
trials of pediatric acute diarrhea: Evaluating probiotics
and the need for standardized definitions and valid
outcome measures (thesis). Alberta: 2009.h.1-212.
Nager AL, Wang VJ. Comparison of nasogastric and
intravenous methods of rehydration in pediatric patients
with acute dehydration. Pediatrics 2002;102:566-72.
Vafaee A, Moradi A, Khabazkhoob M. Case-control
study of acute diarrhea in children. J Res Health Sci.
;8:25-32.
Web A, Starr M. Acute gastroenteritis in children.
Australian Fam Physician 2005;34:227-31.
Guandalini S. Acute diarrhea. Dalam: Walker AW,
Goulet O, Kleinman RE, Sherman PM, Shneider BL,
Sanderson IR, penyunting. Pediatric gastrointestinal
disease: pathophysiology, diagnosis, management.Toronto: BC Decker Inc; 2004.h.66-179.
Guarino A, Albano F, Ashkenazi S, Gendrel D, Hoekstra
JH, Shamir R, dkk. Paediatric infectious diseases
evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute
gastroenteritis in children in Europe: executive summary.
Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2008;46:S81-122.
World Health Organization (2005) The treatment of
diarrhea: A manual for physicians and other senior
health workers. Diunduh dari: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/
publications/2005/9241593180.pdf Diakses pada tanggal
Mei 2009.
Parashar UD, Bresee JS, Glass RI. The global burden of
diarrhoeal disease in children. Bull World Health Org
;81:236-44.
Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. The global burden of
diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published
between 1992 and 2000. Bull World Health Org
;81:197-204.
Guandalini S., Frye R.E. Diarrhea. Diunduh dari: http://
www.emedicine.medscape.com Diakses pada tanggal 01
Agustus 2009.
O’Ryan M, Prado V, Pickering LK. A millennium update
on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world.
Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2005;16:125-36.
Guandalini S, Dincer AP. Nutritional management
in diarrhoeal disease. Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol.
;12:697-717.
Vernacchio L, Vezina RM, Mitchell AA, Lesko SM, Plaut
AG, Acheson DWK. Diarrhea in American infants and
young children in the community setting: Incidence,
clinical presentation and microbiology. Pediatr Infect
Dis J. 2006;25:2-7.
Farthing M., Lindberg G., Dite P., Khalif I., Lindo
E.S.,Ramakrishna B.S. Acute diarrhea. Dalam : World
Gastroenterology Organization practice guideline.
WGO, 2008.
Guandalini S. Acute diarrhea in children in Europe: Do
we know how to treat it?. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr
;46:77-80.
Management of the patient with cholera. Dalam: World
Health Organization emerging and other communicable
diseases, surveillance and control. Diunduh dari:
Diakses pada tanggal 01 Agustus 2009.
Baqui AH, Black RE, Sack RB. Epidemiological and
clinical characteristics of acute and persistent diarrhea
in rural Bangladeshi children. Acta Paediatr Suppl
;361:15-21.
John S, Nuru P. Admission patterns and outcomes of paediatric
patients admitted at the diarrhea unit of Muhimbili National
Hospital (MNH). Official Publication of the Tanzania
Medical Students’ Association ffi. Diunduh dari: http://
ajol.info/index.php/dmsj/article/viewFile/49591/35919. Diakses
pada tanggal 01 Agustus 2009.
Mallory MD, Kadish H, Zebrack M, Nelson D. Use of a
pediatric observation unit for treatment of children with
dehydration caused by gastroenteritis. Pediatr Emergency
Care 2006 ;22:1-6
David S, Lobo ML. Childhood diarrhea and malnutrition
in Pakistan, part I: Incidence and prevalence. Nurs J
Pediatr 1995;10:1-6.
Anonymous. Child health research project research results
and policy formulation on nutrition and micronutrients.
Diunduh dari: http://www.harpnet.org/doc/chr_results.ppt.
Diakses pada tanggal 04 Agustus 2009.
Winter TA, O’Keefe SJ, Callanan M, Marks T. Effect of
severe undernutrition and subsequent refeeding on gut
mucosal protein fractional synthesis in human subjects.
Nutrition. 2007; 23:29–35
Brewster. Dehydration in acute gastroenteritis. J Paediatr
Child Health 2002;38:219-22.
Finberg L. Dehydration in infancy and childhood.
Pediatr Rev 2002;23: 277-81.
Mahmood R, Khalid Y, Iqbal SM, Masood T. Complications
of acute diarrhea in malnourished children. Ann
King Edward Med Coll 2006;12:307-9.
Shiiharaa T, Watanabea M, Honmaa A, Katob M,
Moritac Y, Ichiyamad T, dkk. Rotavirus associated acute
encephalitis/encephalopathy and concurrent cerebellitis:
Report of two cases. Brain Develop 2007;29:670-73.
Vaisnavi C,Kaur S, Prakash S. Speciation of fecal candida
isolated in antibiotic- associated diarrhea in non HIV
Patient. Jpn J Infect Dis 2008;61:1-4.
Forbes D, Camer-Pesci P, Ward PB. Faecal candida and
diarrhea. Archs Dis Child 2001;84:328-31.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp12.3.2010.157-61
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##
Email: editorial [at] saripediatri.org
Sari Pediatri diterbitkan oleh Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.