Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kadar Anti-Hbs pada Anak Sekolah Dasar Setelah 10-12 Tahun Imunisasi Hepatitis B Di Kota Padang
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Latar belakang. Hepatitis B merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Risiko kronis hepatitis B akan jauh lebih besar apabila infeksi terjadi pada awal kehidupan dibandingkan usia dewasa. Imunisasi merupakan cara efektif mengontrol infeksi hepatitis B sampai saat ini. Anak yang diimunisasi memperoleh proteksi selama 5-10 tahun. Kadar anti-HBs protektif adalah ≥10 mIU/ml. Apabila daya proteksi setelah pemberian imunisasi pada masa bayi tidak dapat melindungi sampai dewasa, maka booster seharusnya diberikan pada umur prasekolah atau remaja.
Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kadar anti-Hbs pada anak SD setelah 10 -12 tahun imunisasi hepatitis B
Metode. Penelitian cross sectional dari bulan Januari sampai Maret 2011 pada 110 anak SD di kota Padang yang berusia 10-12 tahun dan telah mendapatkan 3 kali imunisasi hepatitis B saat bayi. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p=0,05
Hasil. Dari 110 sampel didapatkan kadar anti-Hbs <10 mIU/ml dan ≥10 mIU/ml masing-masing 58 (52,7%) dan 52 (47,3%) orang. Umur 12 tahun didapatkan kadar anti-Hbs ≥10 mIU/ml (35%). Semua subyek mempunyai gizi baik. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar anti-Hbs dengan jenis kelamin (p= 0,399) dan dengan jadwal imunisasi (p= 0,364).
Kesimpulan. Subyek yang berumur lebih besar mempunyai kadar anti-HBs protektif lebih rendah. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis kelamin, jadwal imunisasi dengan kadar anti_HBs setelah 10-12 tahun imunisasi Hepatitis B.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp14.5.2013.303-8
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