Peran Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Kesiapan Bersekolah pada Anak Usia Prasekolah
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Latar belakang. Usia prasekolah merupakan masa yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan anak. Keterlambatan perkembangan umumnya terjadi pada masa prasekolah dan dialami oleh 10-15% anak prasekolah. Gangguan perkembangan pada anak prasekolah membuat anak memiliki performa lebih rendah dari temannya yang dapat memengaruhi kesiapan bersekolah. Penelitian kesiapan bersekolah pada anak usia prasekolah masih terbatas di Indonesia. Pola asuh orang tua dapat memengaruhi kesiapan bersekolah.
Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran kesiapan bersekolah, gambaran pola asuh orang tua, dan hubungan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan kesiapan bersekolah pada anak usia prasekolah.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Data kesiapan bersekolah diperoleh melalui kuesioner BRIGANCE Early Childhood Screens III dan pola asuh orang tua melalui kuesioner Parenting Styles and Dimension Questionnaire. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Taman Kanak- kanak Negeri Menteng 01 dan Negeri Cilacap, Jakarta. Penelitian ini melibatkan 18 anak (23,7%) berusia empat tahun dan 58 anak (76,3%) berusia 5 tahun dengan mayoritas anak perempuan.
Hasil. Hasil skrining menunjukkan bahwa 20 anak (26,3%) tidak siap masuk sekolah. Rerata usia ibu adalah 34,92 tahun dan usia ayah 37,48 tahun. Pola asuh orang tua yang umum diterapkan adalah otoritatif (86,8%), diikuti permisif (11,8%), dan otoriter (1,3%). Temuan menunjukkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara pola asuh dan kesiapan bersekolah (p<0,001). Pola asuh permisif lebih umum diterapkan pada anak laki-laki, sedangkan anak perempuan lebih sering dididik dengan pola asuh otoritatif. Pola asuh otoriter ditemukan pada keluarga dengan kondisi sosial ekonomi yang lebih rendah.
Kesimpulan. Pola asuh dan kesiapan bersekolah memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik. Anak yang dididik dengan pola asuh otoritatif memiliki tingkat kesiapan sekolah yang lebih tinggi.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp25.5.2024.297-304
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