Peran Measles-Containing-Vaccine dalam Pencegahan Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
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Latar belakang. Saat ini, penyebaran virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) atau Novel Coronavirus masih terus berkembang. Novel alphacoronavirus dan paramyxoviruses (keluarga campak) memiliki strain virus yang mirip. Selain itu, terdapat homologi urutan asam amino antara virus COVID-19 dan virus rubella yang dapat memunculkan reaktivitas imun silang. Hingga saat ini, belum ada vaksin COVID-19 yang dapat diberikan kepada anak di bawah 12 tahun. Pertanyaan yang muncul adalah apakah pemberian vaksin Measles-Containing-Vaccine (MCV) memiliki peran dalam pencegahan COVID-19 jika dibandingkan dengan vaksinasi virus hidup lainnya.
Tujuan. Mengetahui peran vaksin MCV pada anak terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas COVID-19.
Metode. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan melalui database elektronik, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, dan Google Scholar dengan kata kunci “MCV vaccine” AND “COVID-19 children” AND “mortality” AND “morbidity”.
Hasil. Dari penelusuran literatur, diperoleh 3 artikel yang terpilih dan kemudian dilakukan telaah kritis. Pemberian vaksin MMR (RR= 0.56; p=0,0032) berhubungan dengan tingkat infeksi yang lebih rendah. Sedangkan vaksin MCV menunjukkan 87,5% (OR=0,125, 95% CI) berhubungan dengan gejala ringan (p<0,0001). Vaksin MCV berpengaruh terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas infeksi COVID-19, karena sekuens glikoprotein virus SARS-CoV-2 dan virus dalam MCV memiliki kemiripan.
Kesimpulan. Vaksin MCV berperan dalam mengurangi infeksi COVID-19 secara langsung. Pemberian vaksin MCV menurunkan angka kematian COVID-19, tingkat infeksi, dan severitas manifestasi infeksi COVID-19.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp26.4.2024.249-56
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