Sekretori Immunoglobulin A Kolostrum Berhubungan dengan Infeksi dan Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Atas pada Bayi Usia Tiga Tahun: Studi Prospektif
Sari
Latar belakang. Air susu ibu (ASI) berperan penting dalam sistem kekebalan innate bayi baru lahir. Kolostrum telah diketahui mengandung antibodi terbesar yaitu sIgA yang berasal dari Entero-broncho-Mammary Pathway. Sekretori IgA kolostrum merupakan imunomodulator perkembangan sistem imun bayi baru lahir. Antibodi pada ASI sering dihubungkan dengan perlindungan bayi terhadap infeksi sampai usia 6 bulan. Masih perlu diketahui peranan sIgA kolostrum terhadap kejadian infeksi Balita.
Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan antara kadar sIgA kolostrum dengan frekuensi infeksi umum dan infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) pertahun pada Balita. Mengetahui faktor lain yang berhubungan dengan infeksi Balita secara umum.
Metode. Studi prospektif pada 53 Balita usia 3 tahun dengan riwayat kehamilan cukup bulan, lahir sehat beserta ibunya. Pengumpulan ASI pada hari ke 2-3 postpartum, sIgA diukur dengan teknik ELISA. Data didapat dari kuesioner dengan kunjungan rumah atau pertelepon. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney, chi-square dan Fisher.
Hasil. Rerata frekuensi infeksi umum kelompok riwayat kadar sIgA kolostrum rendah (<120mg/dL) lebih sering dibanding kelompok kontrol (5,9 vs 4,2, p=0,03), demikian juga frekuensi ISPA lebih sering dibanding kontrol (5,2 vs 3,8, p=0,041). Terdapat hubungan antara kepadatan hunian dengan sering infeksi, p=0,01.
Kesimpulan. Balita dengan riwayat sIgA kolostrum ibu rendah (<120mg/dL) lebih sering mengalami infeksi saluran pernapasan akut dan infeksi secara umum dibanding kontrol. Kepadatan hunian berhubungan dengan riwayat sering infeksi.
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