Studi Deskriptif dan Analitik COVID-19 pada Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ulin Banjarmasin
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Latar belakang. Penyakit infeksi COVID-19 adalah penyakit kegawatan disebabkan oleh SARS-CoV-2. Hingga saat ini, data COVID-19 anak masih terbatas.
Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran klinis, laboratorium, dan tatalaksana COVID-19 anak serta hubungan antara karakteristik demografi dengan derajat keparahan.
Metode. Penelitian retrospektif dengan metode observasional deskriptif digunakan pada gambaran klinis, laboratorium, dan tatalaksana. Metode observasional analitik melalui studi kohort retrospektif untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik pasien terhadap derajat keparahan. Seluruh pasien anak usia 0-18 tahun terkonfirmasi positif RT-PCR dan memiliki data rekam medis lengkap dan tercatat di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin periode April 2020-April 2021 diikutsertakan dalam penelitian. Analisis statistik digunakan uji chi-square atau Fisher’s exact (tingkat kepercayaan 95%) dengan menggunakan SPSS for Windows versi 25.0.
Hasil. Dari 32 pasien yang diteliti sebagian besar berusia 0-5 tahun (44%), mayoritas perempuan (56%), sebagian besar memiliki komorbid (69%), dan status gizi anak mayoritas baik (61%). Berdasarkan parameter karakteristik hanya usia yang ditemukan memiliki pengaruh terhadap derajat keparahan. Gambaran klinis paling umum adalah demam dan pneumonia (44%). Hasil laboratorium menunjukan adanya peningkatan D-dimer, anemia, dan peningkatan LDH. Terapi yang diberikan sesuai pedoman mencakup terapi utama dan suportif.
Kesimpulan. Gejala klinis COVID-19 bervariasi. Hasil laboratorium sebagian besar normal kecuali beberapa parameter. Tatalaksana dilakukan sesuai pedoman. Tidak ada hubungan signifikan pada jenis kelamin, komorbid, dan status gizi.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.5.2022.290-8
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