Terapi Antikoagulan pada Anak
Sari
Seiring berkembangnya pengobatan dan teknologi di rumah sakit seperti pemasangan akses vaskular, serta kondisi penyakit pada anak, maka faktor risiko kejadian trombosis pada anak juga semakin meningkat. Kejadian trombosis ini perlu penanganan berupa terapi antikoagulan yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan risiko emboli, mencegah komplikasi, dan profilaksis bagi individu yang berisiko. Penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak di praktik klinis sehari-hari sebagian besar menggunakan data ekstrapolasi dari hasil studi pada orang dewasa. Terbatasnya data yang ada saat ini dan sistem hemostasis anak yang berbeda dengan dewasa menyebabkan penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak menjadi tantangan khusus. Beberapa pilihan terapi antikoagulan masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangannya baik dari sisi pengaturan dosis, frekuensi pemberian, pemantauan, efikasi dan efek samping. Tinjauan pustaka ini akan membahas penggunaan antikoagulan pada anak khususnya heparin (unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin), warfarin, dan perkembangan studi antikoagulan oral baru, serta pada populasi khusus yaitu anak dengan keganasan, sindrom lupus eritematosus, dan infeksi virus SARS-COV-2.Â
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.3.2021.205-14
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