Hubungan Asap Rokok terhadap Derajat Keparahan Pneumonia Anak Usia di Bawah 5 Tahun
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Latar belakang. Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama kematian pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun di dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi pneumonia pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun mencapai 18,5 per mil. Paparan asap rokok merupakan salah satu faktor risiko pneumonia.
Tujuan. Membuktikan hubungan paparan asap rokok terhadap pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.
Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus kontrol di Rumah Sakit Atma Jaya. Kelompok kasus didefinisikan sebagai anak usia di bawah 5 tahun dengan pneumonia berat, sedangkan kontrol merupakan anak dengan pneumonia sesuai klasifikasi WHO. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap orangtua responden untuk mendapatkan data paparan asap rokok. Analisis data menggunakan metode chi-square dan regresi logistik dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,05.
Hasil. Penelitian ini melibatkan 67 responden, terdiri dari 34 kasus dan 33 kontrol. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara paparan asap rokok dengan pneumonia berat. Keberadaan perokok (p=0,000), jumlah perokok di rumah (p=0,000), perilaku orangtua merokok di dalam rumah (p=0,001) dan kepadatan rumah (p=0,012) merupakan faktor risiko yang signifikan terhadap kejadian pneumonia berat pada anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.
Kesimpulan. Paparan asap rokok dan kepadatan rumah merupakan faktor risiko pneumonia berat untuk anak usia di bawah 5 tahun.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.4.2021.235-41
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