Prevalensi Tanda dan Gejala serta Keterlibatan Tim Multidispliner dalam Perawatan Paliatif Pasien Leukemia Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Sardjito
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Latar belakang. Perawatan paliatif pada anak masih jarang diteliti terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Salah satu kategori pasien yang memerlukan perawatan paliatif adalah anak dengan kanker. Leukemia merupakan kanker dengan prevalensi terbesar pada anak.
Tujuan. Mengetahui karakteristik, prevalensi tanda dan gejala, serta keterlibatan tim multidispliner dalam perawatan paliatif pasien leukemia anak di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.
Metode. Desain penelitian adalah cross sectional menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien berusia kurang dari 18 tahun yang didiagnosis leukemia pada tahun 2015 di RSUP Dr. Sardjito.
Hasil. Empat puluh enam pasien anak dengan leukemia dianalisis. Sebanyak 34 pasien merupakan pasien leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) dan 12 sisanya merupakan pasien leukemia mieloblastik akut (LMA), 20 pasien berusia berusia 1-4 tahun, dan 26 pasien berjenis kelamin perempuan. Sepuluh pasien meninggal, 18 pasien sembuh atau telah selesai menjalani terapi, dan 18 pasien lainnya tanpa keterangan sehingga disimpulkan masih menjalani terapi. Tanda dan gejala dengan prevalensi tertinggi adalah demam (40 pasien), nyeri (38 pasien), mual (32 pasien), dan muntah (27 pasien). Fase induksi memiliki prevalensi tanda dan gejala tertinggi dibanding fase lainnya. Tiga kelompok tenaga kesehatan yang selalu terlibat dalam perawatan paliatif adalah residen anak/dokter spesialis anak/konsultan onkologi anak, perawat, dan dokter spesialis anestesi.
Kesimpulan. Fase induksi memiliki prevalensi tanda dan gejala tertinggi dibanding fase lain sehingga memerlukan perawatan paliatif suportif lebih banyak.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.3.2021.185-90
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