Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penurunan Cakupan Imunisasi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta
Sari
Latar belakang. Pandemi Covid-19 sangat memengaruhi pelayanan imunisasi di seluruh dunia. Tenaga kesehatan dialihkan untuk pelayanan Covid-19 dan orangtua merasa takut membawa anaknya untuk imunisasi ke fasilitas kesehatan sehingga menurunkan cakupan imunisasi. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi akan meningkatkan kejadian penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan imunisasi (PD3I). Jakarta sebagai ibukota negara adalah kota dengan populasi terbesar dan juga kasus Covid-19 terbanyak di Indonesia.
Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penurunan cakupan imunisasi di Jakarta dari sudut pandang orangtua dan tenaga kesehatan.
Metode. Penelitian potong lintang menggunakan kuesioner disebarkan kepada tenaga kesehatan (dokter spesialis anak, dokter umum, perawat, bidan, kader) dan orangtua di Jakarta pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2020. Hasil di evaluasi menggunakan SPSS.
Hasil. Sebanyak 125 tenaga kesehatan dan 145 orangtua mengikuti penelitian ini. Tenaga kesehatan menghadapi masalah seperti adanya peraturan pemerintah untuk menghentikan sementara pelayanan imunisasi, kurangnya alat pelindung diri (APD), tenaga kesehatan terinfeksi Covid-19 dan tenaga imunisasi dialihkan untuk pelayanan Covid-19. Masalah pada orangtua antara lain keraguan untuk membawa anaknya imunisasi karena takut tertular Covid-19 dari tenaga kesehatan ataupun pasien lain, Posyandu ditutup, adanya peraturan PSBB dan masalah transportasi.
Kesimpulan. Penurunan cakupan imunisasi pada masa pandemi Covid-19 disebabkan oleh multi faktor yang harus diminimalisasi untuk mengurangi kejadian PD3I.
Kata Kunci
Teks Lengkap:
PDFReferensi
Ranganathan R, Khan AM. Routine immunization services during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Indian J Community Health 2020;32:236-9.
World Health Organization. Immunization. Geneva: WHO; 2019 Diakses pada 26 Maret 2021Didapat dari: https://www.who.int/topics/immunization/en/; 2020.
Kirmani S, Saleem A. Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on paedetric services at a referral center in Pakistan: lessons from a low-income and middle-income country setting. Arch Dis Child Epub ahead of print; 2020;0:1-2.
Roberton T, Carter ED, Chou VB, dkk. Early estimates of the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal and child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries: a modelling study. Lancet Glob Health 2020;8:901-8.
Adamu AA, Jalo RI, Habonimana D, Wiysonge CS. COVID-19 and routine childhood immunization in Africa: Leveraging systems thinking and implementation science to improve immunization system performance. Int J Infect Dis 2020;98:161-5.
World Health Organization. At least 80 million children under one at risk of diseases such as diphtheria, measles and polio as COVID-19 disrupts routine vaccination efforts, warn Gavi, WHO and UNICEF; 2020.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Health management information system; 2020. Jakarta: Kemkes; 2020.
UNICEF, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Penilaian Cepat: Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Layanan Imunisasi di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemkes;2020.
Sub-divisi imunisasi, Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia. Cakupan imunisasi tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kemkes; 2019.
Sub-divisi imunisasi, Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia. Cakupan imunisasi tahun 2020. Jakarta: Kemkes; 2020.
Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia. Satuan tugas penanganan Covid-19. Diakses pada 19 Desember 2020. Didapat dari: https://covid19.go.id/.
Kementerian Kesehatan republik Indonesia WHO Indonesia. Routine immunization for children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia: perceptions of parents and caregivers. Jakarta: Kemkes RI WHO Indonesia; 2020.
Helen M, Elise T, Joanne W, dkk. Early impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and physical distancing measures on routine childhood vaccinations in England, January to April 2020. Euro Surveill 2020;25:1-6.
Bramer CA, Kimmins LM, Swanson R, dkk. Decline in child vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 Pandemic - Michigan Care Improvement Registry, May 2016–May 2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2020;69:630-1.
World Health Organization. Guiding principles for immunization activities during the COVID-19 pandemic- Interim Guidance. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
World Health Organization. Frequently asked questions (FAQ) immunization in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
Dinleyici EC, Borrow R, Safadi MAP, Damme PV, Munoz FM. Vaccines and routine immunization strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020;17:400-7.
Ahmed J, Malik F, Arif TB dkk. Availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) among US and Pakistani Doctors in COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus J Med Sci 2020;12:8550.
Delgado JM, Viteri E, Mula A dkk. Availability of personal protective equipment and diagnostic and treatment facilities for healthcare workers involved in COVID-19 care: A cross-sectional study in Brazil, Colombia, and. PLOS one 2020;15:1-13.
Mantelakis A, Spiers HVM, Lee CW, Chambers A, Joshi A. Availability of personal protective equipment in NHS Hospitals during COVID-19: a national survey. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 65:136-40.
Cohen J, Rodgers Y. Contributing factors to personal protective equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. JPrevent Med 2020;141:1-7.
Lassi ZS, Naseem R, Salam RA, Siddiqui F, Das J. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization campaigns and programs: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Pub Health 2021;18:988.
Ghatak N, Marzo RR, Saleem SM, Sharma N, Bhattacharya S, Singh A. Impact on routine immunization services during the lockdown period in India: implications and future recommendations. Ann Trop Med Pub Health 2020;23:1-6.
Chandir S, Siddiqi DA, Setayesh H, Khan AJ. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on routine immunisation in Karachi, Pakistan. The Lancet Global Health 2020;8:118-20.
Sallam M. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancyworldwide: A concise systematic review of vaccine acceptance rates. Vaccines 2021;9:1-14.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.6.2021.336-42
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
##submission.copyrightStatement##
##submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer##
Email: editorial [at] saripediatri.org
Sari Pediatri diterbitkan oleh Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-NonKomersial-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.