Gambaran Masalah Psikososial pada Remaja dengan Thalassemia Mayor dan Diabetes Mellitus Tipe-1
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Latar belakang. Thalassemia dan diabetes mellitus tipe-1 (DM tipe-1) merupakan penyakit kronik yang banyak didapatkan pada anak dan remaja di Indonesia. Adanya penyakit kronik pada remaja dapat berisiko meningkatkan terjadinya masalah psikososial 2-6 kali dibandingkan populasi sehat. Masalah psikososial pada remaja sulit dikenali sehingga perlu dilakukan evaluasi secara rutin. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) adalah instrumen yang praktis dan mudah digunakan untuk mendeteksi masalah tersebut.
Tujuan. Mengetahui besaran masalah psikososial pada remaja dengan penyakit kronik di RS. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta.
Metode. Desain potong lintang pada 140 remaja (100 thalassemia mayor dan 40 DM tipe-1), usia 10-18 tahun. Subyek diminta untuk mengisi kuesioner SDQ (laporan mandiri).
Hasil. Prevalensi total skor abnormal pada remaja thalassemia mayor adalah 8%, dan DM tipe-1 adalah 15%. Tidak ada skor abnormal pada aspek perilaku pro-sosial kedua penyakit, dan aspek hubungan dengan teman sebaya DM tipe-1. Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna antara diagnosis penyakit, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan subyek pasien DM terhadap luaran hasil SDQ.
Kesimpulan. Masalah psikososial lebih banyak didapatkan pada remaja DM tipe-1 dibandingkan thalassemia mayor.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp22.2.2020.83-91
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