Hubungan Berat Lahir dengan Skor Gangguan Pemusatan Perhatian/Hiperaktivitas pada Anak yang Memiliki Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah Kecil Masa Kehamilan
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Latar belakang. Berat badan lahir rendah kecil masa kehamilan (BBLR KMK) masih merupakan penyebab utama masalah kesehatan pada anak, termasuk gangguan pemusatan perhatian/hiperaktivitas (GPPH). Hubungan yang konsisten antara BBLR KMK dan GPPH hingga kini masih diperdebatkan. Penanganan GPPH sedini mungkin dapat memperbaiki prognosis GPPH sehingga alat diagnosis yang baik menjadi penting. Abbreviated Conners Rating Scale (ACRS) merupakan alat yang mudah dan sudah divalidasi dalam mendeteksi GPPH.
Tujuan. Untuk melihat hubungan BBLR KMK dengan GPPH pada anak usia 5-8 tahun dengan menggunakan ACRS.
Metode. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang pada periode 1 November 2016 sampai 31 Januari 2017. Subyek penelitian adalah anak usia 5-8 tahun yang lahir di RSUP Prof Dr. R.D Kandou, Manado, dengan riwayat BBLR KMK. Besar subyek penelitian minimal 38 anak (α=0,05%, p=0,8). Variabel bebas adalah berat lahir dan variabel tergantung adalah skor ACRS. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Pearson dan regresi linear. Statisik bermakna bila p <0,05.
Hasil. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 40 anak yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, 16 perempuan, dan 24 laki-laki. Rerata umur subyek penelitian adalah 6,8 tahun dan rerata berat lahir 2055 gram. Skor ACRS yang didapatkan antara 3-14 dengan rerata 8,4. Analisis bivariat didapatkan hubungan negatif sangat kuat dan sangat bermakna antara berat lahir dan skor GPPH (r=0,883 dan p<0,0001), dengan uji regresi linear didapatkan persamaan y=24,493 - 0,008x.
Kesimpulan. Semakin rendah berat lahir anak dengan riwayat BBLR KMK maka semakin tinggi kemungkinan terjadinya gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktivitas (GPPH). Skor ACRS dapat digunakan sebagai skrining awal GPPH pada anak pra sekolah (5-8 tahun).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp21.3.2019.170-6
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