Insiden Hiponatremia Pasca operasi Mayor pada Anak di Ruang Rawat Intensif
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Latar belakang. Penggunaan cairan yang tidak tepat sering menimbulkan peningkatan kejadian hiponatremia yang berhubungan erat dengan meningkatnya berbagai komplikasi, seperti edema otak, kejang, bahkan kematian.
Tujuan. Mengetahui insiden hiponatremia pada anak pasca tindakan operasi mayor.
Metode. Studi retrospektif potong lintang dilakukan terhadap anak usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun yang menjalani tindakan operasi mayor dan masuk ruang rawat intensif. Penelusuran status medik sesuai kriteria inklusi dilakukan sampai jumlah sampel terpenuhi. Dicatat data subjek pre operasi, intra operasi, serta pemantauan pasca operasi. Definisi hiponatremia <135 mEq/L, diklasifikasikan sesuai derajat hiponatremia dan dilakukan pencarian lebih lanjut terhadap komplikasi.
Hasil. Didapat 90 subjek, terdiri atas 56,7% laki-laki (51,1%) dan  rentang usia 1 bulan hingga 17 tahun. Tindakan laparatomi dengan berbagai indikasi dijalani 47,8% subjek. Hampir semua subjek (9 3,3%) mendapat cairan hipotonik pasca operasi. Insiden hiponatremia pasca operasi 28,9%, 11,1% di antaranya hiponatremia sedang-berat. Rerata kadar natrium pasca operasi (130,1±4,1) mEq/L, rerata total cairan (79,8±27,4) mL/kg. Pada 30,9% subjek yang mendapatkan cairan hipotonik pasca operasi mengalami kejadian hiponatremia, rerata lama rawat 5,6±4 hari. Terdapat 1/26 subjek yang mengalami komplikasi berupa kejang dan edema otak.
Kesimpulan. Insiden hiponatremia pasca tindakan operasi mayor di ruang rawat intensif hampir mencapai 30% dan sebagian besar mendapat cairan hipotonik pasca operasi. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian cairan pasca operasi yang tepat untuk mencegah hiponatremia.Â
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp17.5.2016.327-334
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