Peran Suplementasi Seng dalam Menurunkan Intensitas Mukositis Oral Akibat Kemoterapi Fase Konsolidasi pada Anak dengan Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut
Sari
Latar belakang. Mukositis oral merupakan salah satu efek samping kemoterapi yang dapat berdampak buruk terhadap pengobatan kanker. Mikronutrient seng diketahui dapat mempertahankan integritas mukosa oral.
Tujuan. Mengetahui efek suplementasi seng dalam menurunkan intesitas mukositis oral akibat kemoterapi.
Metode. Uji klinis acak terkontrol tersamar ganda dilakukan pada 40 pasien anak dengan leukemia limfoblastik akut (LLA) yang menjalani kemoterapi fase konsolidasi, dengan membandingkan kejadian dan derajat mukositis oral pada kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi seng atau plasebo. Derajat mukositis oral dievaluasi menggunakan NCI-CTAE versi 3.0.
Hasil. Kejadian mukositis oral lebih rendah pada kelompok seng (40%) dibandingkan plasebo (55%), tetapi perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan (p=0,342). Derajat keparahan mukositis oral lebih rendah secara signifikan pada kelompok seng dibandingkan plasebo (p=0,024; RR 0,306; IK95%;0,089 sampai 1,048). Analisis kesintasan Kaplan-Meier menunjukkan waktu munculnya mukositis oral beserta derajat keparahannya pada kedua kelompok hampir sama sampai minggu kedua, kemudian mulai menurun sampai akhir pengamatan pada kelompok seng. Analisis multivariat Cox Regression menunjukkan variabel akhir sebagai prediktor kuat terhadap kejadian mukositis adalah usia, status gizi, dan kadar seng.
Kesimpulan. Pemberian suplementasi seng tidak dapat menurunkan kejadian mukositis oral akibat kemoterapi pada pasien anak dengan LLA, tetapi dapat menurunkan derajat keparahannya bila dibandingkan dengan plasebo.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp23.1.2021.15-22
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