Hubungan Kadar Superoksida Dismutase dengan Tingkat Intelegensi Anak Sindrom Down
Sari
Latar belakang. Sindrom Down merupakan suatu keterbelakangan perkembangan fisik dan mental yang disebabkan oleh abnormalitas kromosom 21. Stres oksidatif diekspresikan berlebih pada anak SD karena gen yang mengodenya terletak pada kromosom 21. Kormobiditi yang terdapat pada SD ini disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif.
Tujuan. Mengetahui kadar stres oksidatif melalui pemeriksaan superoksida dismutase (SOD) serta tingkat intelegensi dan mencari hubungan di antara keduanya pada anak SD di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kota Padang.
Metode. Merupakan penelitian comparative cross sectional yang dilakukan di Sekolah Luar Biasa dan panti asuhan Kota Padang mulai September 2016 sampai Juli 2017.
Hasil. Masing masing 40 sampel kontrol dan SD terdiri dari 25 orang (62,5%) dan perempuan 15 orang (37,5%). Tingkat intelegensi dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu retardasi mental ringan 25(67,5%), dan retardasi sedang-berat 15(37,5%). Rerata kadar SOD pada kelompok kontrol adalah 4,84 (4,48-6,41) dan pada SD 5,26 (3,95-9,41), perbedaan ini bermakna secara statistik (p<0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kadar SOD dengan tingkat intelegensi anak SD pada penelitian ini (p>0,05).
Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar SOD dengan tingkat intelegensi pada anak SD di Sekolah Luar Biasa Kota Padang.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp20.4.2018.202-6
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