Penyakit Kawasaki
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Penyakit Kawasaki adalah penyakit akibat vaskulitis akut menyeluruh. Sampai saat ini penyebabnya secara pasti belum diketahui, diduga karena infeksi, toksin atau kelainan imunoregulator. Penyakit ini tersebar luas di seluruh dunia, 80% menyerang anak di bawah usia 5 tahun. Diagnosis ditegakkan apabila terdapat panas lebih dari 5 hari, ditambah 4 dari 5 gejala berikut yaitu injeksi konjungtiva bilateral, mukosa mulut dan faring kemerahan atau pecah-pecah, edema dan atau eritema pada ekstremitas, ruam kulit, limfadenopati servikal yang tidak dapat dijelaskan oleh penyakit lain yang penyebabnya diketahui. Dua puluh sampai 25% dapat berkembang menjadi aneurisma arteri koronaria. Pengobatan aspirin dosis tinggi dan gamma globulin bertujuan untuk mengurangi proses inflamasi pada miokardium dan dinding arteri koronaria dan aspirin dosis rendah untuk menghambat agregasi trombosit. Pembedahan dilakukan apabila gejalanya berkembang menjadi angina dan terdapat bukti obstruksi satu atau lebih arteri koronaria mayor. Prognosis tergantung dari ada tidaknya kelainan arteri koronaria dan kematian sebagian besar akibat infark miokardium.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp3.1.2001.19-23
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